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"Wołyń" redirects here. For the Polish village, see Wołyń, Łódź Voivodeship. Volhynia Lubart's Castle was the seat of the medieval princes of Volhynia. Volhynia, Volynia, or Volyn (Ukrainian: Волинь, Volyn’, Polish: Wołyń, German: Wolhynien or Wolynien, Russian: Волынь, Volyn’; Yiddish: װאָהלין, Vohlin) is a historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Prypiat and Western Bug, to the north of Galicia and Podolia. The area has some of the oldest Slavic settlements in Europe. Part of historical Volhynia now form the Volyn, Rivne, and parts of Zhytomyr and Ternopil Oblasts of Ukraine, as well as parts of Poland (see Chełm). Other major cities include Lutsk, Kovel, Kremenets, Volodymyr-Volynskyi, and Starokostiantyniv (Khmelnytskyi Oblast). Many Jewish shtetls (villages) like Trochenbrod and Lozisht were once an integral part of the region.[1] Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Literature 5 External links // History The ancient city of Halych first appears in history in 981 when taken over by Vladimir the Great of the Kievan Rus. Volhynia's early history coincides with that of the duchies or principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynsky. These two successor states of the Kievan Rus formed Halych-Volhynia between the 12th and the 14th centuries. Pochayiv Lavra, the spiritual heart of the Orthodox in Volhynia. After the disintegration of the Grand Duchy of Halych-Volhynia (also called Galich-Vladimir Rus) circa 1340, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania divided up the region between them, Poland taking Western Volhynia and Lithuania Eastern Volhynia (1352–1366). After 1569 Volhynia formed a province of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. During this period Poles and Jews settled in the area. The Roman and Greek Catholic churches became established in the province, and many Orthodox churches were forcibly annexed by the latter. Records of the first agricultural colonies of Mennonites date from 1783. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 Volhynia became the Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire. By the end of the 19th century Volhynia had over 200,000 German settlers, most of whom immigrated from Congress Poland. A small number of Czech settlers also arrived. Although economically the area was developing rather quickly, upon the eve of the First World War it was still the most rural province in Western Russia. Mezhyrich Abbey in Ostroh was endowed by the Ostrogski princes in the 15th century. In 1921, after the end of the Polish-Soviet war, the treaty known as the Peace of Riga divided Volhynia between Poland and the Soviet Union. Poland took the larger part and established a Volhynian Voivodeship. Most of eastern Volhynia became part of the Zhytomyr Oblast. From 1935-38 Joseph Stalin had the Poles of Eastern Volhynia deported — the first ethnic deportation in the history of the Soviet Union (see Polish minority in Soviet Union). Following the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, and the subsequent invasion and division of Polish territories between the Reich and the USSR, Volhynia was occupied by the Soviet Union. In the course of the Nazi-Soviet population transfers which followed this German-Soviet reconciliation, most of the German minority population of Volhynia were transferred to Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany. During the war the Ukrainians exterminated a large part of the local Polish population (see Massacre of Poles in Volhynia). Ethnic Germans in these areas were expelled from these areas starting in 1945. Volhynia was annexed to Soviet Ukraine after the end of World War II. Most of the remaining ethnic Polish population were expelled to Poland in 1945 (see Recovered Territories). Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Volhynia has been an integral part of Ukraine. See also Galicia (Central Europe) Massacre of Poles in Volhynia Polish Autonomous District References ^ Michael Jones (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 770. ISBN 0521362903. http://books.google.com/books?id=LOS1c0w91AcC&pg=RA1-PA770&dq=Volhynia&as_brr=3&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=km93-2wweea33kTooyQxU2rFyEA.  Literature Jan Potocki Histoire anciènne du gouvernement de Volhynie : pour servir de suite à l'histoire primitive des peuples de la Russie, Sankt Petersbourg 1805 Andriyashev Alexander (1887) (in Russian) Essay of the History of Volyn land (Очерк истории Волынской земли) at Runivers.ru in Djvu and PDF formats External links Look up Volyn in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Volhynia The Journey to Trochenbrod and Lozisht aug 2006 Imperial Russian Volhynia District Map Swiss-Volhynian Mennonites Germans in Volhynia - English Germans in Volhynia - Another English site Germans in Volhynia - German Volhynia-Galicia (Polish) v • d • e Ukrainian historical regions Kievan Rus' Principalities Kiev · Chernihiv · Halych · Volhynia · Red Ruthenia · Pereyaslav Medieval epoch Red Ruthenia · Galicia–Volhynia · Bełz Voivodeship · Bracław Voivodeship · Czernihów Voivodeship · Kijów Voivodeship · Podole Voivodeship · Ruthenian Voivodeship Cossack epoch Cossack Hetmanate · Right-bank Ukraine · Left-bank Ukraine · Sloboda Ukraine · Zaporozhian Sich · Dnieper Ukraine · Little Russia Russian Imperial guberniyas Volyn · Podolia · Kiev · Poltava · Chernigov · Kholm · Kharkov · Taurida · Yekaterinoslav · Kherson Austro-Hungarian provinces Galicia · Bukovina · Carpathian Ruthenia 20th century Ukrainian SSR · Moldavian ASSR · Drohobych Oblast · Izmail Oblast · Crimean Oblast · Lviv Voivodeship · Ternopil Voivodeship · Volhynian Voivodeship · Stanyslaviv Voivodeship · Carpatho-Ukraine · Reichskommissariat Ukraine · Distrikt Galizien Geographical Nadbuzhia · Budzhak · Black Sea Ukraine · Donbas · Dniester Ukraine · Podolia · Pokuttya · Pryazovya · New Russia · Polissya · Podniprovya · Porossia · Prydunavya · Prykarpattia · Porizhia Ukraine · Volhynia · Artaniya Ethno-Ukrainian regions abroad Kholm · Lemkivshchyna · Mamorshchyna · Podlachia · Priashiv · Sian River