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The National Observatory of Athens is a research institute situated in Athens, Greece. Contents 1 History 2 Premises 2.1 The NOA Weather Station 3 References 4 External links 5 Sources History The Observatory as seen from Acropolis. Founded in 1842, it was the first scientific research institute built after Greece became independent in 1829.It was also the first scientific research institute in Balcans. It was financed in large part by the benefactor and diplomat Baron George Sinas. Astronomical observations began in September 1847, under the direction of George Vouris, its first director. In 1890 the Observatory was reorganized as a governmental research center with the name National Observatory of Athens, and was expanded with the addition to the Astronomical Department of two new, the Meteorological and the Seismological. In 1942 the Departments were redenominated as Institutes, and in 1955 the Ionosphere Institute, was added. In 1999 the names of the institutes of NOA were updated, as follows: Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development Institute of Geodynamics Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing Emilios T. Harlaftis worked as a research fellow (1997–1998) at the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the National Observatory of Athens. Premises The National Observatory of Athens has two buildings: The Central Premises The central premises of the National Observatory of Athens are situated on top of Lofos Nymphon (Nymphs' Hill) at Thissio. Nymphs' Hill borders with Philopapou Hill and is opposite to the Acropolis and the Athenian Agora. Penteli's Astronomical Station Penteli's Astronomical Station is situated on 'Lofos Koufou' at 'Palaia Penteli' The NOA Weather Station The National Observatory of Athens handles the most antique weather station of Greece, which is located at Thissio and that is affected by the urban heat island (UHI) of the city, especially during summer and spring.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Climate data for IERSD-National Observatory of Athens (Thissio), 107 m asl (1961-1990) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 12.9 (55.2) 13.6 (56.5) 16.0 (60.8) 20.3 (68.5) 25.3 (77.5) 29.8 (85.6) 32.6 (90.7) 32.3 (90.1) 28.9 (84) 23.1 (73.6) 18.6 (65.5) 14.7 (58.5) 22.34 (72.22) Average low °C (°F) 6.5 (43.7) 6.9 (44.4) 8.4 (47.1) 11.6 (52.9) 15.4 (59.7) 20.1 (68.2) 22.5 (72.5) 22.3 (72.1) 19.2 (66.6) 14.9 (58.8) 11.4 (52.5) 8.3 (46.9) 13.96 (57.13) Precipitation mm (inches) 44.6 (1.756) 48.3 (1.902) 42.6 (1.677) 28.2 (1.11) 17.2 (0.677) 9.7 (0.382) 4.2 (0.165) 4.6 (0.181) 11.9 (0.469) 47.7 (1.878) 50.6 (1.992) 66.6 (2.622) 376.2 (14.811) Source: National Observatory of Athens[7] References ^ Katsoulis B.D., Theoharatos G.A. (1985). "Indications of the Urban Heat Island in Athens, Greece". Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol. 24, Issue 12, pp.1296-1302 ^ Katsoulis B. (1987). "Indications of change of climate from the Analysis of air temperature time series in Athens, Greece". Climatic Change, 10, 1, pp- 67–79. ^ Repapis C. C, Metaxas D. A. (1985). "The Possible influence of the urbanization in Athens city on the air temperature climatic fluctuations at the National Observatory". Proc. of the 3rd Hellenic-British Climatological Congress, Athens, Greece 17–21 April 1985, pp.188–195. ^ Philandras C.M, Metaxas D.A., Nastos P.T. (1999). "Climate variability and Urbanization in Athens". Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol. 63, Issue 1–2, pp.65–72. ^ Philandras C.M, Nastos P.T. (2002). "The Athens urban effect on the air temperature time series of the National Observatory of Athens and New Philadelphia stations". Proc. of the 6th Hellenic Conference on Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, Ioannina Greece, 25–28 September 2002, pp.501–506. ^ Repapis C.C., Philandras C.M., Kalabokas P.D., Zerefos C.S. (2007). "Is the last years abrupt warming in the National Observatory of Athens records a Climate Change Manifestation?". Global NEST Journal, Vol 9, No 2, pp. 107–116. ^ "Climatological Information for the National Observatory of Athens, Greece", NOA climatological table, web: [1]. External links The official site of the National Observatory of Athens (in Greek) The official site of the National Observatory of Athens (in English) The Central Premises in Google Maps The Penteli's Astronomical Station in Google Maps A short history of the National Observatory of Athens and its instruments (in English) Sources (English) The National Observatory of Athens George N. Vlahakis, Early attempts at weather prediction and climate description in 19th century Greece Coordinates: 37°58′24″N 23°43′12″E / 37.97333°N 23.72000°E / 37.97333; 23.72000