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Petar King of Croatia Death of the Last Croatian King, by Oton Iveković Reign 1093–1097 Died 1097 Place of death Mount Gvozd Predecessor Jelena Lijepa Successor Coloman of Hungary Royal House House of Svačić Petar Svačić was the last monarch of the independent kingdom of Croatia. He was elected king by Croatian feudal lords in 1093. Petar's seat of power was based in Knin. His rule was marked by a struggle for control of the country with Hungary. During his reign he was able to expel Prince Álmos from Slavonia, and unite Croatia to the river Drava. According to Juraj Utišinović (first Croatian cardinal), Petar was born in Kamičak (above river Krka canyon), Croatia. He died in 1097 and was the last native king of Croatia (reigned 1093–1097). Contents 1 Struggle for the succession 2 Petar's ancestry 3 References 4 External links Struggle for the succession Croatian Kingdom during Petar Svačić reign. He assumed the throne amid deep tension throughout the Kingdom. His predecessor, Stjepan II (1089–1091) died without leaving an heir, sparking a major political crisis. The crisis was compounded when it was revealed that Jelena or Ilona, the widow of King Dmitar Zvonimir (1074–1089), was plotting the annexation of Croatia by her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary. The opportunistic Ladislaus used his sister's marriage to king Zvonimir as justification for his inheritance of the Croatian Crown. Meanwhile, Croatia's leading dignitaries and clergy elected nobleman Petar as King, who immediately deployed the military to defend Croatia's borders from Hungarian attack. However it was too late. Ladislaus, who had probably devised a military strategy two years earlier, launched an offensive and managed to breach Croatian lines along the Drava River. The well-prepared Hungarians soon occupied the entire province of Slavonia but were halted by the Croats at Mount Gvozd (nears today's Karlovac). Shortly after his army's success, Ladislaus died (1095), leaving his nephew Coloman to continue the campaign. King Petar's troops maintained their resistance repelling Hungarian assaults for nearly two years. Coloman grew frustrated at his army's impotence and in 1097 assembled an enormous force at the eastern foot of Mount Gvozd. The subsequent offensive was brutal and absolute, resulting in Petar's death. His heroism was commemorated in the renaming of Mount Gvozd to Petrova Gora (Peter's Mountain). Five years of negotiations between Croatia's remaining noblemen and Coloman followed thereafter. Finally, in 1102, an historic settlement was reached (Pacta Conventa) by which the Croats agreed to recognise Coloman as king. In return, he promised to maintain Croatia as a separate kingdom, not to settle Croatia with Hungarians, to guarantee Croatia's self-governance under a ban (royal governor), and to respect all the rights, laws and privileges of the Croatian Kingdom. Petar's ancestry Although traditionally attributed the surname of Svačić or Snačić there is no real proof of his ancestry. He was the last native king of Croatia. After his death Croatia formed a personal union with Kingdom of Hungary that lasted until 1918. Regnal titles Preceded by Álmos of Hungary King of Croatia 1093–1097 Succeeded by Coloman of Hungary References This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2006) External links http://members.tripod.com/royalcroatia/petarsvacic.htm v · d · eMonarchs of Croatia House of Trpimirović (Croatia) Tomislav (910–928) · Trpimir II (928–935) · Krešimir I (935–945) · Miroslav (945–949) · Michael Krešimir II (949–969) · Stephen Držislav (969–997) · Svetoslav Suronja (997–1000) · Krešimir III (1000– c. 1030) with Gojslav (1000–c. 1020) · Stephen I (c. 1030–1058) · Peter Krešimir IV (1058–1074) · Demetrius Zvonimir (1075–1089) · Stephen II (1089–1091) House of Árpád (Hungary) Ladislaus I (1091–1093) House of Svačić (Croatia) Petar Svačić (1093–1097) House of Árpád (Hungary) Coloman (1097–1116)  • Stephen III (1116–1131) • Béla I (1131–1141) • Géza (1141–1162) • Stephen IV (1162–1172) • Ladislaus I (1162–1163) • Stephen V (1163) • Stephen IV (1163–1172) • Béla II (1172–1196) • Emeric (1196–1204) • Ladislaus II (1204–1205) • Andrew I (1205–1235) • Béla III (1235–1270) • Stephen VI (1270–1272) • Ladislaus III (1272–1290) House of Anjou (Naples) Charles Martel (1290–1295) House of Árpád (Hungary) Andrew II (1295–1301) House of Anjou (Naples) Charles I Robert (1301–1342) • Louis I (1342–1382) • Mary (1382–1385) • Charles II (1385–1386) • Mary (1386–1395) House of Luxemburg (Bohemia) Sigismund (1387–1437)