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Gathland State Park, Maryland, USA IUCN Category V (Protected Landscape/Seascape) Gathland State Park Location Washington County / Frederick County, Maryland, USA Coordinates 39°24′13″N 77°38′28″W / 39.40361°N 77.64111°W / 39.40361; -77.64111Coordinates: 39°24′13″N 77°38′28″W / 39.40361°N 77.64111°W / 39.40361; -77.64111 Area 140 acres (0.57 km²) Governing body Maryland Department of Natural Resources Gathland State Park is a small state park located near Burkittsville, Maryland in the United States. The park is composed of the remains of the estate of George Alfred Townsend (1841-1914), a correspondent during the American Civil War who wrote under the pen name "Gath". Several buildings remain on the estate, including the War Correspondents Memorial Arch, and the Appalachian trail passes through the grounds.[1] Contents 1 History 1.1 Controversy 2 Conservation 3 Features 4 References 5 External links History The area of the current park includes Crampton's Gap, which saw fighting during the Battle of South Mountain, one of the first battles of the Maryland Campaign during the American Civil War.[1] In 1884, Townsend, now a successful journalist, purchased the land as a retreat and began work on what would become Gathland, his estate. His first project was Gapland Hall, an eleven room house built in 1885. This was followed that same year by Gapland Lodge, a stone servants' quarters. In 1890 a large building was erected to house a study, a library, and ten bedrooms. Townsend's most famous and longest-lasting project was completed in 1896: The War Correspondents Memorial Arch.[2] It is claimed that the arch is the only monument in the world dedicated to journalists killed in combat.[3][4] However, a tree in Arlington National Cemetery was also dedicated as a war correspondents' memorial in 1986.[5] The War Correspondents Memorial Arch The book George Alfred Townsend describes the monument: In appearance the monument is quite odd. It is fifty feet high and forty feet broad. Above a Moorish arch sixteen feet high built of Hummelstown purple stone are super-imposed three Roman arches. These are flanked on one side with a square crenellated tower, producing a bizarre and picturesque effect. Niches in different places shelter the carving of two horses' heads, and symbolic terra cotta statuettes of Mercury, Electricity and Poetry. Tables under the horses' heads bear the suggestive words "Speed" and "Heed"; the heads are over the Roman arches. The three Roman arches are made of limestone from Creek Battlefield, Virginia, and each is nine feet high and six feet wide. These arches represent Description, Depiction and Photography. The aforementioned tower contains a statue of Pan with the traditional pipes, and he is either half drawing or sheathing a Roman sword. Over a small turret on the opposite side of the tower is a gold vane of a pen bending a sword. At various places on the monument are quotations appropriate to the art of war correspondence. These are from a great variety of sources beginning with Old Testament verses. Perhaps the most striking feature of all are the tablets inscribed with the names of 157 correspondents and war artists who saw and described in narrative and picture almost all the events of the tour years of the war.[6] This account errors in that the statue of Pan is actually a zinc copy of Bertel Thorvaldsen's Mercury About to Kill Argos created by the J.W. Fiske Company. [7] The plaque on the monument reads: SPEED - HEED Sept. 14 - 62 - 96 To the Army Correspondents and Artists 1861-65 Whose toils cheered the fireside Educated provinces of rustics into a bright nation of readers and gave incentive to narrate distant wars and explore dark lands. Erected by subscriptions 1896 O wondrous youth Through this grand ruth Runs my boy's life, its thread The General's fame, the battle's name The rolls of maimed and dead I bear with my thrilled soul astir And lonely thoughts and fears And am but history's courier To bind the conquering years A battle's ray, through ages gray To light the deeds sublime And flash the lustre of my day Down all the aisles of time War Correspondent Ballad - 1865[8] Also in the park grounds is the remains of a mausoleum built for Townsend in 1895 but never used. Originally topped with the figure of a large bronze dog, only the chamber remains, with a marble lintel inscribed, "Good Night Gath".[1] Although Townsend retained ownership of the property until his death in 1914, maintenance of the monument itself was entrusted to the [[National Park Service]- then the War Department - ] in 1904.[9] Controversy The monument's plaques lists 157 names which are sometimes assumed to be all war correspondents. In the late 1990s, local historian Timothy J. Reese publicly criticized Townsend's biases in choosing the names listed. Reese asserted that only 135 can claim to be war correspondents or artists, and 33 of those are not identifiable in the historical record. Furthermore, many names are misstated and several important names are missing.[8][10] Conservation After Townsend's death, Gathland changed hands three times before being acquired by the Department of Forests and Parks and named a state park in 1949.[9] Gapland Hall was renovated in 1958 and now houses a visitors' center. Gapland Lodge was converted into the George Townsend Museum. The site is currently undergoing renovation of the Visitor Center and Museum. (2011) Most of the other buildings are gone, but the foundations of the barn and the crypt remain. .[2] Features In addition to the monument, the historic buildings, and the museum, the park hosts Civil War reenactments and an interactive "living history" weekend with demonstrations of 19th century life.[1] References ^ a b c d "Gathland State Park". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/western/gathland.html. Retrieved January 8, 2007.  ^ a b "Gathland State Park History". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070107011901/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/gathlandhistory.html. Retrieved January 8, 2007.  ^ "Prelude to great struggle at Antietam". Western Maryland History Online (whilbr.org). http://www.whilbr.org/itemdetail.aspx?idEntry=2559. Retrieved January 9, 2007.  ^ "War Correspondents Memorial Arch, Crampton's Gap, Maryland". Office of the Maryland Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 13, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061013130315/http://www.sos.state.md.us/MMMC/WarCorrespondents.htm. Retrieved January 9, 2007.  ^ Journalists At Risk: Reporting America's Wars, p9, George Sullivan, Twentieth Century Books, 2005. Also see http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/reporters.htm . In addition, there are at least two prominent US monuments more broadly commemorating journalists killed in combat or otherwise in the line of duty - the Overseas Press Club Memorial Press Center building in New York City which was dedicated in 1954[1]; and the Freedom Forum Journalists Memorial in Freedom Park, Arlington, Virginia, dedicated in 1996[2]. The Journalists Memorial monument with a similar broad dedication and purportedly the first of its kind in Europe, was inaugurated by Reporters Without Borders in Bayeux, France in 2006[3] ^ Hindes, R. (1946). George Alfred Townsend: One of Delaware's outstanding writers. Hambleton Printing & Publishing Company.  ^ Grissom, Carol A. ‘’Zinc Sculpture in America: 1850-1950’’, University of Delaware Press, Newark, 2009 pp. 224-224 ^ a b "Antietam Battlefield Monuments: War Correspondents Memorial Arch". National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/archive/anti/monuments/WC_Arch.htm. Retrieved January 8, 2007.  ^ a b Weeks, R.. "The Civil War Correspondents Memorial Arch". Civil War Home. http://www.civilwarhome.com/Gathland.htm. Retrieved January 8, 2007.  ^ "War correspondents arch contains monumental errors", Associated Press, April 2, 1998, retrieved via Factiva; "The Truth About the War Memorial to Fallen Journalists", Timothy J. Reese, History News Network, George Mason University, posted October 6, 2003, accessed January 10, 2007 External links Gathland State Park Gathland State Park in World Database on Protected Areas v · d · eProtected Areas of Maryland Federal National Historic Parks, Sites & Monuments Antietam National Battlefield • Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park • Clara Barton National Historic Site • Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine • Hampton National Historic Site • Monocacy National Battlefield • Thomas Stone National Historic Site National Park Service Parks Catoctin Mountain Park • Fort Foote Park • Fort Washington Park • Glen Echo Park • Greenbelt Park • Harmony Hall • Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Farm • Piscataway Park National Wildlife Refuges Blackwater  • Eastern Neck • Martin • Patuxent Research Refuge  • Susquehanna River National Trails System Appalachian Trail • Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail • Chesapeake Bay Gateways Network • Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail • Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail Other Protected Areas Assateague Island National Seashore • Chesapeake Bay Gateways Network • Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve State State Parks Assateague • Big Run • Bill Burton Fishing Pier State Park • Calvert Cliffs • Casselman River Bridge • Chapel Point • Cunningham Falls • Dans Mountain • Deep Creek Lake • Elk Neck • Fort Frederick • Fort Tonoloway • Gambrill • Gathland • Greenbrier • Greenwell • Gunpowder Falls • Hart-Miller Island • Herrington Manor • Janes Island • Jonas Green • Martinak • Matapeake • New Germany • North Point • Palmer • Patapsco Valley • Patuxent River • Pocomoke River • Point Lookout • Purse • Rocks • Rocky Gap • Rosaryville • Sandy Point • Seneca Creek • Smallwood • South Mountain • St. Clement's Island • St. Mary's River • Susquehanna • Swallow Falls • Tuckahoe • Washington Monument • Wye Oak State Forests Cedarville • Chesapeake • Doncaster • Elk Neck • Garrett • Green Ridge • Pocomoke • Potomac-Garrett • Savage River • Seth • Stoney • Wicomico Wildlife Management Areas Avondale • Belle Grove • Billmeyer • Bowen • Cedar Island • Cedar Point • Cheltenham • Chicamuxen • Dan's Mountain • Deal Island • Diersson • E.A. Vaughn • Earlville • Ellis Bay • Fairmount • Fishing Bay • Frederick City Watershed • Grove Farm • Gwynnbrook • Heater's Island • Hugg-Thomas • Idylwild • Indian Springs • Islands of the Potomac • Isle of Wight • Johnson • Le Compte • Linkwood • McKee-Beshers • Maryland Marine Properties • Millington • Mt. Nebo • Myrtle Grove • Nanticoke River • Old Bohemia • Pocomoke River • Prather’s Neck • Pocomoke Sound • Sideling Hill • Sinepuxent Bay • South Marsh • Strider • Taylors Island • Warrior Mountain • Wellington Natural Environment Areas Belt Woods • Dundee • Governor Parris N. Glendening • Mattawoman • Morgan Run • Severn Run • Soldiers Delight • Zekiah Swamp County and Municipal Parks & Sanctuaries Acorn Park • Clifton Park • Constitution Park • Fort Smallwood Park • Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary • Lake Centennial • Lake Elkhorn • Lakelands Park • Oregon Ridge Park • Patterson Park • Robert E. Lee Memorial Park Non-governmental Parks & Sanctuaries Battle Creek Cypress Swamp Sanctuary • Merkle Wildlife Sanctuary • Sherwood Gardens • Somers Cove Marina • Sugarloaf Mountain • Western Maryland Rail Trail • Youghiogheny Scenic & Wild River Maryland Department of Natural Resources (web): Maryland Park Service (web) and Maryland Forest Service